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Cable layer
A cable layer or cable ship is a deep-sea vessel designed and used to lay underwater cables for telecommunications, electric power transmission, or other purposes. Cable ships are distinguished by large cable sheaves〔http://atlantic-cable.com/Cableships/Monarch%284%29/ | History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications〕 for guiding cable over bow or stern or both. Bow sheaves,〔http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/27/09270209.jpg | NavSource Photo, USS Neptune (ARC 2) bow sheaves〕 some very large, were characteristic of all cable ships in the past, but newer ships are tending toward having stern sheaves only, as seen in the photo of CS ''Cable Innovator'' at the Port of Astoria on this page. The names of cable ships are often preceded by "C.S." as in CS ''Long Lines''.〔http://atlantic-cable.com/CableStories/Parrish/index.htm |Leo Parrish and CS Long Lines (working TAT-5)〕
The first transatlantic telegraph cable was laid by cable layers from 1857–58. It briefly enabled telecommunication between Europe and North America before misuse resulted in failure of the line. In 1866 the successfully laid two transatlantic cables, securing future communication between the continents.
== Modern cable ships ==
Modern cable ships differ greatly from their predecessors. There are two main types of cable ships: cable repair ships and cable-laying ships. Cable repair ships, like the Japanese ''Tsugaru Maru'', tend to be smaller and more manuverable; they are capable of laying cable, but their primary job is fixing or repairing broken sections of cable. A cable-laying ship, like the ''Long Lines'', is designed to lay new cables. Such ships are bigger than repair ships and less maneuverable; their cable storage drums are also larger and are set in parallel so one drum can feed into another, allowing them to lay cable much faster. These ships are also generally equipped with a liner cable engine (LCE) that helps them lay cable quickly.
The newest design of cable layers, though, is a combination of cable-laying and repair ships. An example is the USNS Zeus, the only U.S. naval cable layer/repair ship. The ''Zeus'' uses two diesel electric engines that produce 5000 horsepower each and can carry her up to 15 knots (about 25 miles per hour), and she can lay about 1000 miles of telecommunications cable to a depth of 9000 feet. The purpose of the ''Zeus'' was to be a cable ship that could do anything required of it, so the ship was built to be able to lay and retrieve cable from either the bow or the stern with ease. This design was similar to that of the first cable ship, the ''Great Eastern''. The ''Zeus'' was built to be as maneuverable as possible so that it could fulfill both roles: as a cable layer or a cable repair ship. 〔Sanderlin, T., Stuart, W., & Jamieson,D,R., .(1979).''Cable Laying Ship''.Presented at the April 18, 1979, meeting of Chesapeake Section of The Society of Naval Architects and marine Engineers. 〕
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